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China’s Mass Zero-COVID Protests Challenged CCP’s Grip of Power: Prominent Human Rights Activist

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Large-scale protests that erupted in China against the regime’s zero-COVID policies, with protesters calling for freedom and an end to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), showed the determination of the Chinese people discontented with the party’s rule, according to a human rights activist.

Mass protests against COVID-19 lockdowns that broke out at the end of November 2022 and spread across China, including major cities, are “hugely significant,” said Benedict Rogers, a renowned British human rights activist.

Rogers considers them the most significant protests since those of Tiananmen Square in 1989, due to their large scale and the message voiced by protesters who were calling for an end to the CCP, Xi Jinping’s resignation, and demanding freedom.

While some protests occurred in China after 1989, they were mostly focused on specific issues, mainly labor rights, Rogers told EpochTV’s “Crossroads” program in a recent interview.

Epoch Times Photo
Benedict Rogers, co-founder of Hong Kong Watch, in Washington on Nov. 28, 2022. (Matthew Pearson/CPI Studios)

“This is the first time that we’ve seen, across the country, people demanding the end of the CCP, Xi Jinping to resign, and calling for freedom and democracy,” Rogers pointed out. Although the protests were sparked by the draconian zero-COVID policy, the COVID lockdowns, and the tragic fire in Ürümqi, protesters mainly chanted “Xi Jinping step down” and “We want freedom,” Rogers explained.

Epoch Times Photo
Protesters in Beijing gather at a memorial on Nov. 27, 2022, after at least 10 people died in a Xinjiang apartment building fire, blamed on the Chinese regime’s restrictive zero-COVID measures. (Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

The protests were triggered by the deaths of at least 10 people—according to official reports—in Xinjiang’s capital city of Ürümqi in northwestern China when first responders were unable to reach an apartment fire that was left to burn for hours due to COVID-19 blockades and locks throughout the residential compound.

Angry city residents broke blockades and pushed down fences, shouting slogans of “down with the Communist Party” and “Xi Jinping should resign.”

After the protest erupted in Xinjiang, large-scale protests against the CCP’s unsustainable zero-COVID control measures have also occurred in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, and other cities.

Since the deadly fire, there have been 43 public protests across 22 cities in China, according to a tally by Nathan Ruser, a researcher at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute.

Throngs of protesters in different cities held high their blank sheets of paper—a metaphor for what’s left unsaid—to express their discontent with the regime’s intolerance of dissent and suppression of free speech.

Chinese authorities maintain a tight grip on the country’s internet via a complex, multilayered censorship operation that blocks access to almost all foreign news and social media and blocks topics and keywords considered politically sensitive or detrimental to the CCP’s rule. Videos of or calls to protest are usually deleted immediately.

Tightening Repression Under Xi Jinping

BEIJING, CHINA - OCTOBER 16: Chinese President Xi Jinping, bottom right, is applauded by senior members of the government and delegates as he stands before his speech during the Opening Ceremony of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China at The Great Hall of People on October 16, 2022 in Beijing, China. Xi Jinping is widely expected to secure a third term in power. (Photo by Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)
(Bottom right) Chinese leader Xi Jinping is applauded by senior members of the government and delegates before his speech during the opening ceremony of the CCP’s rubber-stamp legislature in Beijing, China, on Oct. 16, 2022. (Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

Rogers believes that if the Chinese people resorted to such demonstrations knowing the huge risk that protesting entails, it suggests “the kind of unspoken pact” that perhaps existed in the past between the people and the CCP has been completely undone.

That unspoken pact allowed the party to claim its legitimacy from the fact that it was presiding over economic reforms leading to significant improvements in living standards, explained Rogers, author of “China Nexus: Thirty Years in and Around the Chinese Communist Party’s Tyranny.”

“Xi Jinping has undone that unspoken pact completely, both with his repression [and] also with the economic slowdown. That’s come partly as a result of the zero-COVID policy but also partly as a result of his own hostility to private enterprise and entrepreneurialism. He’s undone many of the economic reforms of his predecessors, and I think the people of China have [been] showing that they’ve had enough now.”

The CCP has always been repressive, but “when Xi Jinping took over the leadership in 2012, he then took the country and the party in an even more repressive direction, really intensified the crackdown,” Rogers said.

Xi also took a much more ideological approach in the early years of his rule, a sort of ideological framework of six key documents, in particular: “Document Number Nine,” Rogers noted. “These six documents really spell out the CCP’s explicit total hostility to values of human rights, of democracy, of civil society.”

The documents, which emerged in 2013, laid out CCP’s intention to eliminate and prohibit any discussion of universal values of human rights, Rogers continued.

“There’s a specific document that relates to higher education and banning discussion of what they call liberal values in higher education,” Rogers said. There are also “documents relating to censorship of the internet, control of religion, and all the other areas of space that the party basically wants to completely dominate and control, and suppress any alternative views.”

An internal memo, called “Central Document No. 9,” was issued by the Central Committee of the CCP in April 2013. The document urges the party to combat “dangerous Western values.” It also asks journalists and college teachers to steer clear of “seven unmentionable topics,” which include universal values, press freedom, civil society, citizens’ rights, the party’s historical aberrations, the “privileged capitalistic class,” and the independence of the judiciary.

The Regime Eases Zero-COVID Policy

On Dec. 7, 2022, the Chinese regime relaxed its strict zero-COVID measures following the mass protests. The relaxation marked the most significant changes to the draconian zero-COVID policy since Beijing first implemented it three years ago. The measures have inflicted hardship on tens of millions of people, dragged down China’s economy, and isolated the nation from the world.

The regime loosened rules pertaining to quarantine, travel restrictions, lockdowns, and mandatory testing. Under the new guidelines, authorities no longer require people to present negative test results or a green health code for entry in most places, with the exception of nursing homes, medical institutions, childcare centers, and primary and middle schools.

The health code is a color-based QR code system for authorities to trace close contacts and control people’s movements. Utilizing big data and mobile technology, the regime assigns citizens three codes on their mobile phones, including a health code, a vaccination code, and an itinerary code.

Epoch Times Photo
Workers scan QR health codes of people entering a shopping mall in the Huangpu district of Shanghai on June 1, 2022. (Hector Retamal/AFP via Getty Images)

Before the easing up on the COVID policy, a green code was essential for tens of millions of people to take buses, enter workplaces and supermarkets, or even use public toilets. Losing a green code meant the carrier lost access to almost everywhere.

Local officials were also banned from designating large areas, such as entire residential compounds and communities, as high-risk.

Alex Wu, Frank Fang, Eva Fu, Dorothy Li, and Jane Lin contributed to this report.

Ella Kietlinska

Ella Kietlinska is a reporter for The Epoch Times focusing on U.S. and world politics.

Joshua Philipp

Joshua Philipp is an award-winning investigative reporter with The Epoch Times and host of EpochTV’s “Crossroads” program. He is a recognized expert on unrestricted warfare, asymmetrical hybrid warfare, subversion, and historical perspectives on today’s issues. His 10-plus years of research and investigations on the Chinese Communist Party, subversion, and related topics give him unique insight into the global threat and political landscape.



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