NASA’s Spacecraft Delivers Largest Sample Ever Collected from an Asteroid

Planet Earth is about to receive a special delivery—the biggest sample yet from an asteroid.

A NASA spacecraft will fly by Earth on Sunday and drop off what is expected to be at least a cupful of rubble it grabbed from the asteroid Bennu, closing out a seven-year quest.

The sample capsule will parachute into the Utah desert as its mothership, the Osiris-Rex spacecraft, zooms off for an encounter with another asteroid.

Scientists anticipate getting about a half pound (250 grams) of pebbles and dust, much more than the teaspoon or so brought back by Japan from two other asteroids. No other country has fetched pieces of asteroids, preserved time capsules from the dawn of our solar system that can help explain how Earth—and life—came to be.

Sunday’s landing concludes a 4 billion-mile (6.2-billion-kilometer) journey highlighted by the rendezvous with the carbon-rich Bennu, a unique pogo stick-style touchdown and sample grab, a jammed lid that sent some of the stash spilling into space, and now the return of NASA’s first asteroid samples.

“I ask myself how many heart-pounding moments can you have in one lifetime because I feel like I might be hitting my limit,” said the University of Arizona’s Dante Lauretta, the mission’s lead scientist.

A brief look at the spacecraft and its cargo:

The Long Journey

Asteroid chaser Osiris-Rex blasted off on the $1 billion mission in 2016. It arrived at Bennu in 2018 and spent the next two years flying around the small spinning space rock and scouting out the best place to grab samples. Three years ago, the spacecraft swooped in and reached out with its 11-foot (3-meter) stick vacuum, momentarily touching the asteroid’s surface and sucking up dust and pebbles. The device pressed down with such force and grabbed so much that rocks became wedged around the rim of the lid. As samples drifted off into space, Lauretta and his team scrambled to get the remaining material into the capsule. The exact amount inside won’t be known until the container is opened.

Asteroid Bennu

Discovered in 1999, Bennu is believed to be a remnant of a much larger asteroid that collided with another space rock. It’s barely one-third of a mile (half a kilometer) wide, roughly the height of the Empire State Building, and its black rugged surface is packed with boulders. Roundish in shape like a spinning top, Bennu orbits the sun every 14 months, while rotating every four hours. Scientists believe Bennu holds leftovers from the solar system’s formation 4.5 billion years ago. It may come dangerously close and strike Earth on Sept. 24, 2182—exactly 159 years after the asteroid’s first pieces arrive. Osiris-Rex’s up-close study can help humanity figure out how to deflect Bennu if needed, Lauretta said.

Game Day

Osiris-Rex will release the sample capsule from 63,000 miles (100,000 kilometers) out, four hours before it’s due to touch down at the Defense Department’s Utah Test and Training Range on Sunday morning. The release command will come from spacecraft builder Lockheed Martin’s control center in Colorado. Soon afterward, the mothership will steer away and take off to explore another asteroid. The capsule—nearly 3 feet wide (81 centimeters) and 1.6 feet tall (50 centimeters)—will hit the atmosphere at 27,650 mph (44,500 kph) for the final 13 minutes of descent remaining. The main parachute will slow the last mile (1.6 kilometers), allowing for a mild 11 mph (18 kph) touchdown. Once everything is deemed safe, the capsule will be hustled by helicopter to a makeshift clean lab at the range. The next morning, a plane will carry the sealed container full of rubble to Houston, home to NASA’s Johnson Space Center. NASA is livestreaming the touchdown, set for around 10:55 a.m. ET.

Cleaner Than Clean

A new lab at Johnson will be limited to the Bennu rubble to avoid cross-contamination with other collections, said NASA curator Kevin Righter. Building 31 already holds the moon rocks brought back by the Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972, as well as comet dust and specks of solar wind collected during two



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