Pandemic Lockdowns Linked to Decline in US Twin Births, Study Suggests

Reduced access to infertility treatments early in the pandemic may have contributed to a drop in twin births, data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest.

The number of twin births fell 7 percent between 2019 and 2020—from 120,291 to 112,437—compared to an average 2 percent-per-year decline from 2014 to 2019, researchers reported on Wednesday in the CDC’s National Vital Statistics Reports, based on data from 50 states and the District of Columbia.

The twin birth rate dropped 3 percent between 2019 and 2020, from 32.1 to 31.1 per 1,000 births, versus an average annual decline of 1 percent from 2014–2019, the researchers said.

The largest declines were in November and December of 2020 and January 2021, when twin birth rates dropped by 10 percent, 14 percent, and 7 percent, respectively, compared to the year before.

“The timing of the monthly declines in late 2020 and early 2021 coincide with a period of conception when the coronavirus pandemic began and [experts] recommended that reproductive medicine professionals temporarily limit infertility treatment,” Isabelle Horon and Joyce Martin wrote in the report.

The number of births involving one baby declined by only 3 percent from 2019 to 2020, the authors said.

Overall, twin births did not rise significantly in 2021 from 2020 levels, although rates began to increase near the end of the year.

The largest decline in twin births was seen in women over age 40, the group most likely to use infertility treatment. The smallest decline was in women under age 30, who are least likely to use infertility treatment, the authors said.

The study cannot prove pandemic lockdowns caused twin births to decline. In fact, the authors point out that Hispanic women had a larger decline in twin birth rate than non-Hispanic white women, even though Hispanic women are less likely to receive infertility treatments.

Early in the pandemic, the number of babies born prematurely, or at dangerously low weights, was lower than usual, the researchers noted.

Because twins are at higher risk for these outcomes, “the decline in twin births may have contributed, in part, to the reductions in preterm and low birthweight deliveries … between 2019 and 2020,” they said.

By Shawana Alleyne-Morris